


In Burgpreppach (Bavaria), Jewish men were not only forced to work in the fields, but they were also coerced into removing the rubble of the synagogue, which burnt to the ground during the pogrom. On their way to work, they had to carry a banner in front of them, which mocked them as "work-shy" and blamed them for the pogrom. After two weeks, they were taken to the Dachau concentration camp.
An assault that took place in Paris served the Nazis as a pretext for the pogroms. In an act of desperation over his familys expulsion from Germany, a certain Herschel Grynszpan shot a German diplomat. Following in the wake of this attack the so-called "Reich Crystal Night" of November 9–10, 1938, marks the transition from the systematic exclusion and disenfranchisement of Jews to their violent persecution. More than 1,400 synagogues were destroyed, and some 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and deported to